The Nutrition
Transition and Obesity in the Developing World
Abstract
Changes in diet and
activity patterns are fueling the obesity epidemic. These rapid changes in the
levels and composition of dietary and activity/inactivity patterns in transitional
societies are related to a number of socioeconomic and demographic changes.
Using data mainly from large nationally representative and nationwide surveys,
such as the 1989, 1991, 1993 and 1997 China Health and Nutrition Surveys, in
combination with comparative analysis across the regions of the world, we
examine these factors. First, we show the shifts in diet and activity are
consistent with the rapid changes in child and adult obesity and in some cases
have been causally linked. We then provide a few examples of the rapid changes
in the structure of diet and activity, in particular associated with increased
income. Cross-country and in-depth analysis of the China study are used to
explore these relationships. People living in urban areas consume diets
distinctly different from those of their rural counterparts. One of the more
profound effects is the accelerated change in the structure of diet, only
partially explained by economic factors. A second is the emergence of a large
proportion of families with both currently malnourished and overweight members
as is shown by comparative analysis of a number of Asian and Latin American
countries.
(Fania Anjela)
(Fania Anjela)
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